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Authors
Xi, Jing
Niu, Kewen
Xu, Jiaqi
Lu, Yangyang
Li, Xinjie
Meng, Hongyan
Li, Chun
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Article History
Received: 2 March 2025
Accepted: 9 June 2025
First Online: 26 July 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). All participants signed a written informed consent form prior to the commencement of the survey.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
