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Authors
BagheriAzad, Melika https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7207-2134
Davoudi, Nayyereh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7574-9372
Ghavami, Vahid https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-8231
Esmaelzadeh, Fatemeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2430-0484
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mashhad School of Nursing and Midwifery (4001997)
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Article History
Received: 30 December 2024
Accepted: 12 June 2025
First Online: 5 July 2025
Declarations
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: The protocol for this study was approved by the ethics committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences with the code of ethics IR.MUMS.NURSE.REC.1401.011. Moreover, the study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and informed consent was obtained from the participants before collecting the data.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
