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The effects of aquatic therapy combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on proprioception and gait speed in older adults with knee osteoarthritis: an eight-week randomized sham-controlled trial

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06253-5

Published Online: 2025-09-02

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kalkhoran, Zahra Bagherpoor

Khanmohammadi, Razieh
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-02

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-02
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Article History

Received: 12 February 2025

Accepted: 7 July 2025

First Online: 2 September 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University (Approval ID:(IR.URMIA.REC.1402.026)). It was retrospectively registered as a clinical trial on the… Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT ID: (IRCT20190908044722N8)) on January 8, 2025, due to administrative delays unrelated to the study design or execution. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation, with the assurance that they could withdraw from the study at any time. This trial adhered to the CONSORT 2010 guidelines to ensure rigorous reporting and transparency.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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