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Authors
Huang, Guogui
Pan, Yao
Luo, Yanan
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2022
Accepted: 9 July 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval for the data collection in CHARLS was issued by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Ethics approval for the use of CHARLS data was issued by the University of Newcastle Human Research Ethics Committee (H-2015-0290). Informed consent was signed by each respondent before the data collection. All methods were carried out in accordance with in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
