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Authors
Zhang, Hui
Xu, Zhonghao
Zhai, Xiaoyan
Hu, Peina
Song, Qingshu
Li, Huaye
Fu, Chang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project (No.202410440002)
Shandong Provincial Social Science Planning Research Project (No. 24CSHJ01)
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Article History
Received: 27 December 2024
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 12 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Binzhou Medical University (approval number: 2024-L037). Considering participants’ voluntary willingness to engage in the study, the confidentiality of their information, and the unique circumstances of each individual, this study did not record participants’ personal identifiers such as names and all the participant provided oral informed consent before participation. As the data does not involve biological samples, the oral informed consent form has been approved and endorsed by the ethical review committee. All the ethical standards were strictly adhered to throughout the entire research project. The study was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. All methods adhered to relevant guidelines and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
