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Authors
Jiang, Xiangxiang
Lv, Gang
Franklin, Jordan
Li, Minghui
Lu, Z. Kevin
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Article History
Received: 15 December 2024
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 25 August 2025
Declarations
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: The University of South Carolina Institutional Review Board approved this study. Because we used deidentified data from the Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS), the University of South Carolina Institutional Review Board has waived the need for informed consent for this study. Specifically, the Office of Research Compliance, on behalf of the Institutional Review Board, approved the referenced study. This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
