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Authors
Reaume, Michael
Batista, Ricardo
Imsirovic, Haris
Bjerre, Lise M.
Kendall, Claire E.
Bouchard, Louise
Gauthier, Alain P.
Landry, Josette-Renée
Chomienne, Marie-Hélène
Muray, Mwali
Hsu, Amy
Prud’homme, Denis
Manuel, Doug G.
Tanuseputro, Peter
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institut du savoir Montfort-Recherche
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Article History
Received: 28 October 2024
Accepted: 17 July 2025
First Online: 28 August 2025
Declarations
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: ICES is a prescribed entity under Sect. 45 of Ontario’s Personal Health Information Protection Act. Section 45 authorizes ICES to collect personal health information, without consent, for the purpose of analysis or compiling statistical information with respect to the management of, evaluation or monitoring of, the allocation of resources to or planning for all or part of the health system. Projects conducted under Sect. 45, by definition, do not require review by a Research Ethics Board. This project was conducted under Sect. 45, and approved by ICES’ Privacy and Compliance Office.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
