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Authors
Pu, Jianlin
Jiang, Heping
Wu, Jianfei
Liu, Yu
Xu, Maoya
Tang, Yuandong
Tan, Youguo
Wang, Yilin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Collaborative Innovation Project of the Zigong Institute of Brain Science (2022ZCNKY23)
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2024
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 24 September 2025
Declarations
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: This was an observational study without patient contact or clinical interventions, and the ethical approval for the data collection was obtained by the original CHARLS researchers from the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015). This investigation strictly followed the Declaration of Helsinki, and received ethical approval from the Zigong Mental Health Center in western China (IRB number: 2024031001).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
