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Authors
Yang, Yazhi
Lai, Hurong
Liao, Caifeng
Chen, Huijun
Jiang, Xiaoyan
Lin, Chuyang
He, Ling
Tu, Huaijun
LI, Jian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82360054, 82360054, 82360054, 82360054)
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2024
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) is a large interdisciplinary survey project that aims to collect a set of high-quality micro data representing families and individuals of middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥ 45 years in China to analyze the population aging problem in China. This study was approved by Peking University’s National School for Development (China Center for Economic Research) (PKU), and all the subjects provided informed consent. Verbal confirmation was acquired from illiterate participants, and their legal guardian signed the informed consent form. The research described in this publication was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration, and all procedures were carried out in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
