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Authors
Xiao, Haixia
Huang, Shan
Xiao, Huanshun
Zhang, Wenni
Cai, Shuangming
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Article History
Received: 29 March 2024
Accepted: 12 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University (approval number: IRB00001052-11015), and carried out in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
