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Authors
Yang, Le
Wang, Jing
Guo, Dan
Zhang, Xin
Wang, Ling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72204152)
PhD research startup foundation of Shanxi Medical University (XD2042)
PhD research startup foundation of Shanxi Province (SD2029)
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2023
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study is in compliance with the guidelines for human studies which was conducted ethically in accordance with the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi Medical University (No. 2022GLL012). Written informed consent was obtained from each participant before enrollment and data collection.
: Not applicable.
: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: An unauthorized version of the Chinese MMSE was used by the study team without permission, however this has now been rectified with PAR.The MMSE is a copyrighted instrument and may not be used or reproduced in whole or in part, in any form or language, or by any means without the written permission of PAR ().
