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Authors
Monamo, Tiro Theodore
Keetile, Mpho
Letamo, Gobopamang
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Accepted: 15 August 2025
First Online: 29 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilizes secondary data and was approved by the University of Botswana Institutional Review Board under the Office of Research and Development (REF: UB/RES/IRB/SOC/247). Ethical considerations were addressed during the original data collection phases of the surveys and censuses conducted by Statistics Botswana. As per the Botswana Statistics Act of 2009, participation in national surveys and censuses is mandatory, and individuals were informed of this requirement. Additionally, the Act stipulates that refusing to answer any questions constitutes an offence. Consequently, no separate ethical consent process was undertaken for this study, as the necessary ethical protocols were adhered to during the initial data collection.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
