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Authors
Taghian, Mehdi
Najafi, Hadi https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2862-7095
Molania, Tahereh
Hoshyari, Narjes
Alizadeh Ghamsari, Soroush
Fendereski, Afsaneh
Papi, Shahab https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9917-7364
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 8 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
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: Since this study involves human subjects, we followed the principles described in the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its subsequent revisions, or other comparable ethical standards. Participants were provided with assurances regarding the anonymity and confidentiality of their information. This commitment was emphasized to ensure that participants felt secure in sharing their responses, knowing that their identities and personal data would be protected throughout the research process. To ensure this, a coding system was employed, replacing each participant’s name with a unique code. All individuals provided written and verbal informed consent prior to data collection phase. This study was approved by the research ethics committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (ethics code: IR.MAZUMS.REC.1403.20070).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The author(s) did not report any potential conflict of interest.
