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Authors
Gao, Ying
Zhang, Peng
Yang, Hongxi
Li, Shu
Su, Haiyan
Zhang, Qing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project (TJYXZDXK-060B)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72104179)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72304207)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72074167)
Science & Technology Development Fund of Tianjin Education Commission for Higher Education (2022KJ156)
New Teachers' Research Program of TUTCM (XJS2022101)
Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Project (22ZYCGSY00860)
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Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) and our study was conducted in full of accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethics approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-13074) and Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (IRB2024-YX-132-01). All participants or their proxy respondents provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
