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Authors
Wang, Suyuan
Zhang, Fengyin
Guo, Yanhong
Zhang, Chenghui
Zhong, Yang
Hao, Doudou
Zhu, Suyin
Wu, Yunhong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tibet Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program (XZ202301ZY0049G)
Tibet Autonomous Region Science and Technology Program (XZ202102YD0026C)
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Article History
Received: 21 February 2024
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS survey project was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Peking University, and all participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
