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Authors
Tuepker, Anaïs
Miech, Edward J.
Hulen, Elizabeth C.
Niederhausen, Meike
Hwang, Catherine S.
Kinosian, Bruce
O’Neill, Allison
Wiederholt, Senta G.
Penn, Chandra
Cooper, Dayna
Edwards, Samuel T.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IIR 22-096)
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 25 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the V.A. Portland Healthcare System (#6052). Informed consent to participate was waived by IRB #6052 for quantitative and configurational analysis of patient data from sources described in Supplemental Table A. Informed consent to participate will be obtained from all participants involved in qualitative data collection for this study. All study protocols will be conducted in adherence to the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
