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Authors
Li, Xuping
Liu, RuiLin
Kang, Kai
Tian, Gang
Hao, Yibin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Henan Province Medical Science and Technology Research Plan Major Project (No. SBGJ202401001, No. SBGJ202401001)
the Henan Provincial Health Commission Key Research and Development Project (No. 231111313400, No. 231111313400)
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Article History
Received: 3 August 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 3 November 2025
Declarations
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: The CHARLS protocol was approved by the Peking University Institutional Review Board (IRB00001052-11015) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All respondents received detailed study information and provided informed consent before the interview.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
