Document is current

Article History

Received: 8 April 2025

Accepted: 18 September 2025

First Online: 27 November 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and complied with applicable national regulations. Formal written administrative approval was obtained from the Social Security Department of Kathmandu Municipality and the organizational authority of each daycare center. Ethical approval was then secured from the Nepal Health Research Council (Ethical Approval No: NHRC 313/2024). Data were collected only after obtaining written informed consent from each respondent using an informed consent form. One signed copy of the form was retained by the researcher, while another copy was provided to each respondent for their future reference. Respondents’ privacy was ensured by conducting one-to-one interviews in a separate room within the daycare centers, away from other older adults, staff, and authorities. This approach encouraged respondents to express their inner feelings and life experiences, promoting PWB. Confidentiality was maintained by keeping the collected information secure and by analyzing and reporting data in an aggregate form. Respondents were assured that their identities would only be accessible to the research team and that the information gathered would be used solely for research purposes. RAs were instructed to ensure respondents’ anonymity by not collecting the identifiable information, assigning code numbers to interview schedules, and keeping the list of codes and consent forms separate from the interview schedule. All study materials were securely stored under double locks in the principal investigator’s office.When respondents experienced emotional distress during the interview while recalling and sharing their life experiences, RAs paused the interview, provided emotional support, and stayed with them until they felt comfortable. The interview resumed when the respondents consented to continue. Respondents were informed of the potential benefits of sharing their experiences, including the possibility of identifying psychological distress. The authorities of the centers were informed when further professional help was required for some respondents. Additionally, given the increased risk of comorbidities with advancing age, respondents were provided with informational booklets covering essential topics such as osteoarthritis, diabetes, sleep disturbances, sleep promotion activities, hypertension, dementia, and stress-relief breathing exercises. Respondents were also encouraged to express any feelings of discomfort or dissatisfaction during the interview, which were acknowledged and respected. Throughout the study, respondents’ rights were protected, and they retained the option to withdraw or decline participation at any time, even if they had initially provided consent.

: Not applicable as no individual detail is presented in this report.

: The authors declare no competing interests.