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Authors
Chen, Hong-Jhe
Ou, Hsun
Chen, Ru-Yih
Kuo, Yu-En
Wong, Bo-Yu
Kuo, Terry B.J.
Yang, Cheryl C.H.
Chen, Tien-Yu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (VGHKS109-D01-1, VGHKS109-D01-1)
Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH-D-114144)
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Article History
Received: 27 May 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 6 November 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (KSVGH20-CT3–01). The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human participants. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Because the identification number of each participant was transformed and encrypted, each participant’s anonymity was fully preserved.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
