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Article History

Received: 25 June 2025

Accepted: 24 September 2025

First Online: 31 October 2025

Declarations

:

: The ethics committee of Huzhou Third Municipal Hospital approved the data collection from the patients’ medical records without their consent (the approval number: 2025–119). This retrospective study used de-identified data from hospital records. The ethics committee specifically waived the requirement for written informed consent in this study based on: 1) Article 32 of Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Human Subjects in China, which permits waiver of consent for retrospective studies using fully anonymized data; 2) Minimal risk to participants, as confirmed by the Committee. We confirm that all methods were conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All procedures adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.