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Authors
Yano, Shohei
Mitsutake, Seigo
Hirata, Takumi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24K20156, 20H03924)
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2025
Accepted: 26 September 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology (Approval number: R18–20). The requirement for individual informed consent was waived by the committee, as the study used anonymized secondary data and employed an opt-out approach. All analyses were performed in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research involving Human Subjects established by the Japanese Government. The study was also conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
