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Article History

Received: 24 January 2025

Accepted: 13 October 2025

First Online: 30 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The protocol collected testimonies from physicians regarding the end of life of patients who had passed away during the study period. The approval of the methodology by the Comité d’Expertise pour les Recherches, les Études et les Évaluations dans le domaine de la Santé (Cérees – March 2018) exempted physicians from the obligation to obtain consent from the relatives of deceased patients to respond to the questionnaire. This processing was brought into compliance with European data protection regulations (GDPR) as well as national legislation (Informatics and Liberties Act). Authorization request No. 918091 was submitted to the Commission Nationale Informatique et libertés (CNIL), which issued a favourable decision (DR-2018-102).This study adheres to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, particularly in terms of scientific rigor and respect for human dignity. The data used pertain to deceased individuals and have been processed in accordance with applicable regulations and the recommendations of the ethics committee.

: The authors declare no competing interests.