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Authors
Cheung, Karen Siu-Lan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-6430
Lau, Bobo Hi-Po https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7813-2738
Leung, Angela Y. M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-1925
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Board of Management of the Chinese Permanent Cemeteries, Hong Kong, SAR, China (Ref No.: LE23-068(1))
the Board of Management of the Chinese Permanent Cemeteries, Hong Kong, SAR, China (Ref No.: LE23-068(1))
the Board of Management of the Chinese Permanent Cemeteries, Hong Kong, SAR, China (Ref No.: LE23-068(1))
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2024
Accepted: 14 October 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: The ethical approval including participants’ approach and recruitment were granted by the Human Subjects Ethics Sub-committee of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong (reference number: HSEARS20240118002-01). Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) registration has been obtained at ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration system ( ). The RCT registration number is ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT06499961. We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the relevant guidelines and regulations proved by the Human Subjects Ethics Sub-committee by including an information sheet and consent to all participants. A written informed consent and an authorization letter for the use of portrait will be obtained from each participant after eligibility screening. Participants have the right to refuse any assessments and withdraw from the study at any time, and there is no impact on the services they receive in the Community Centers.
: Not applicable.
: The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
: The authors declared no competing interests.
