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Authors
Ren, Xinyu
Gu, Manping
Zhang, Kebiao
Li, Hong
He, Rui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Intelligent Medical Research Project of Chongqing Medical University (YJSZHYX202119)
the Nursing Research and Innovation Program of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University 2024 (HLPY2024-14)
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Article History
Received: 20 February 2025
Accepted: 16 October 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (NO.2022-K421). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. For patients who lacked decision-making capacity, informed consent was obtained from their legally authorized representatives.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
