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Authors
Kpolar, Okpawura Yaw Wisdom
Attafuah, Priscilla Yeye Adumoah
Tornu, Eric
Senoo-Dogbey, Vivian Efua
Arhinful, Daniel Kojo
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 20 October 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Declarations
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: was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana (NMIMR-IRB CPN 044/23–24). Introductory letters were obtained from the Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Ghana, and presented to the Assembly Heads of the four selected communities to gain permission for data collection. Informed consent (by signature or thumbprint) was obtained from all participants after explaining the study’s purpose, risks, benefits, confidentiality, and voluntary participation. The study was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. To maintain anonymity, no personal identifiers were collected.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
