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Authors
Mollaei, Mina
Heydari, Fatemeh
Hosseinkhani, Zahra
Motefakker, Sanaz
Taherkhani, Omid
Senmar, Mojtaba https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-4267
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Article History
Received: 27 June 2024
Accepted: 22 October 2025
First Online: 26 November 2025
Declarations
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: The process of conducting the study was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences (IR.QUMS.REC.1401.157). The purpose and method of the study were explained to the subjects. The study objectives, duration, and procedures were clearly and comprehensively explained to the participants. They were assured that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any impact on their care. Considering the questionnaire-based nature of data collection, the study posed minimal risk to the participants in terms of harm or discomfort. The researchers were attentive to the physical condition of the patients and offered breaks if necessary. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Confidentiality was maintained throughout the research process by assigning a unique code to each questionnaire.All methods were performed according to the Helsinki Declaration.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
