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Authors
Sang, Ni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4806-3444
Wang, Miao-miao
Han, Lu https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6789-5211
Duan, Ya-juan
Yang, Qiao-ling https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8759-2852
Liu, Hui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0424-9164
Liu, Qiao
Cheng, Li https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4305-4642
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2025A1515011403)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Sun Yat-sen University (24qnpy178)
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Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 23 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: Informed consent was obtained from all study subjects before the investigation, and the study protocol was approved by the ethics review committee of Sun Yat-sen University School of Nursing (L2022SYSUHL-086). The study followed the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable.
