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Authors
Alkhotani, Amar Mohammad A. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8376-7059
Obaid, Majed S.
Hariri, Nahla H.
Alqashqri, Hamsah Saleh
Alghamdi, Ismail A.
Siddiqui, Muhammad Irfanullah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-5388
Adly, Heba M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9222-9149
Garout, Mohammed A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1317-1186
Bulkhi, Adeeb A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-7097
Almoallim, Hani M.
Elfaki, Elbagir A.
Alhazmi, Aous S.
Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.
Bagabir, Rania Abubaker
Saleh, Saleh A. K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9522-9198
Bawahab, Nizar S.
Kazim, Albaraa H.
Alamri, Fahad A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7336-162X
Khan, Anas A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5075-7392
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee at Umm Al-Qura University (Approval No.: HAPO-02-K-012-2024-10-2241). Verbal informed consent was documented at the beginning of the survey, either directly from the participant or from their informant if the participant had cognitive impairment, ensuring that the consent process was appropriately adapted to the individual’s cognitive status, after being briefed on the study’s purpose, procedures, and confidentiality measures. Participation was voluntary, and privacy was strictly maintained in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not Applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
