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Authors
Chao, Ka Kei
Che, Sok Leng
Wong, Ka Kit
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Article History
Received: 18 April 2025
Accepted: 27 October 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study utilized data obtained from a publicly available database CHARLS, which contains legally collected and publicly shared data. Therefore, no ethics approval or informed consent was required for this research.
: The data used in this study were obtained from CHARLS, where consent for publication has been obtained from data providers in compliance with relevant publication requirements.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
