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Article History

Received: 10 January 2024

Accepted: 28 October 2025

First Online: 26 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study will be conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (version October 2013, as emended by the 64th WMA General Assembly, Fortaleza, Brazil) and in accordance with the Medical Research Involving Human Participants Act (WMO). The study has been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee CMO Nederland-Oost (NL82788.091.22), who will review any changes to the protocol and any serious adverse events that may occur during the trial. All participants will provide their written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

: JD, PJMP, IG and JR declare that they have no competing interests. LJCvL has received research grants, consulting fees, speaking honoraria, or a combination of these for research on the impact of exercise and nutrition on muscle metabolism, whichinclude funding from companies that produce dairy, meat, and/or plant-derived proteins. A full overview on research funding is provided at: . LCPGMdG and PG have received grants for research on the impact of nutrition (and exercise) on muscle metabolism, from the Dutch government (ZonMw), the European Union (H2020), and Top Institute Food and Nutrition, which pre-competitively includes funding from food industry (small and medium sized enterprises and larger enterprises). None of these organizations affected the design of the Vold-study.