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Authors
Yuan, Shasha
Chen, Jiaqi
Wang, Zheng
Zhang, Haifeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (CFH2024–2G–4311)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72304282)
Ministry of Education (MOE) Humanities and Social Sciences Grant (22YJC630196)
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Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 29 October 2025
First Online: 9 December 2025
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Medical Information (No. IMICAMS/05/24/HREC). During recruitment, researchers will distribute informed consent forms to participants to ensure that they are fully aware of the study. Participants who decide to participate will be clearly informed of their rights by the researchers. Their participation in this study is voluntary and they have the right to leave at any time and without reason, and that this decision will not have any adverse effect on them or the person they care for. They also have the right to refuse to answer questions if they feel uncomfortable. All participant data are de-identified to ensure confidentiality.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
