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Authors
Yang, Mengjiao
Liu, Yang
Matsumoto, Munenori
Jiao, Dandan
Zhu, Zhu
Li, Xiang
Cui, Mingyu
Zhang, Jinrui
Qian, Meiling
Huang, Lujiao
Anme, Tokie
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
China Scholarship Council (202208510018)
Research Development Program of the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College (2024LC004)
Nanchong City Philosophy and Social Science Research Project (NC25B243)
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Article History
Received: 29 October 2024
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 3 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tsukuba (approval number 1331-5). The study used anonymized data provided by the local government. Written informed consent was not required for this study according to the Japanese Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects. Participants had the right to withdraw from the study for any reason. All methods were conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
