Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Li, Yutao
Tang, Yuxin
Pan, Weifeng
Song, Hengguo
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 6 July 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
:
: All study procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all study procedures were approved by the School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China. The CHARLS project received approval from the Biomedical Ethics Committee at Peking University, and the dataset is publicly accessible on its official website ( ). All participants provided informed consent and were informed of their right to withdraw from the survey at any time without providing a reason.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
