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Authors
Huang, Xuan
Ye, Cui
Wang, Ziyu
Zuo, Shufang
Xu, Yong
Liang, Jinghong
Puts, Martine
Lin, Lu
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Foundation, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China (20YJCZH088)
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Article History
Received: 16 May 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 29 November 2025
Declarations
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: The original CHARLS was approved by the Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015), and all participants gave written informed consent at the time of participation.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
