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Authors
Hu, Fengjuan
Zhang, Gongchang
Liu, Hu
Huang, Tingting
Jia, Shuli
Zhao, Wanyu
Huang, Ning
Fu, Chenying
Dong, Birong
Ge, Meiling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Z2023JC005)
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Z2024JC006)
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (Z2023LC004)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32400972)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.92248304)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82401845)
The Funds of Technology Department of Sichuan Provincial (No. 2023NSFSC1158)
The Funds of Technology Department of Sichuan Provincial (No.2024NSFSC1601)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2023M732473)
National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFC3605900)
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Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 21 November 2025
First Online: 18 December 2025
Declarations
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: The data for this study were derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), and the human ethics and consent had been reported in the CHARLS protocol in detail.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
