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Authors
Pan, Yuanping
Liu, Zhiyong
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2024
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: All study subjects participating in CHARLS signed an informed consent form before being investigated. The Ethics Committee of Peking University’s approved the study. The IRB approval number is IRB00001052-11015. All methods of this study were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
