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Authors
Ma, Bin
Zhang, Mengyuan
Jia, Yuanmin
Zhang, Dongqing
Chen, Ou
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172543)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong province (ZR2024MH071)
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 10 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Council of Beijing University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometrics, is IRB00001052-11015; the IRB approval number for biomarker collection is IRB00001052-11014. All participants gave written informed consent.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
