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Authors
Yuan, Yuan
Zhang, Meng
Li, Ping-Yang
Wang, Wei
Lu, Yan-Na
Yang, Ming-Hui
Tian, Wei
Close, Jacqueline
Zhang, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2024-2G-2075)
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Article History
Received: 29 October 2024
Accepted: 27 November 2025
First Online: 12 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The need for ethical approval and individual informed consent was waived by the Biomedical Ethical Committee of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical University (Approval No. K2024-151–00), due to the retrospective and observational nature of the research. All participant data were anonymized and stored on an independent secure server protected by Advanced Encryption Standard with 256-bit keys (AES-256) encryption, in full compliance with national regulations for anonymized data research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
