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Authors
Zhou, Lifang
Chen, Zhongming
Li, Xiaona
Wu, Yixuan
Guan, Hui
Yin, Wenqiang
Sun, Kui
Yu, Qianqian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (72274140)
Provincial Talent Project of Shandong (tsqn202312250)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2023MG036)
Humanities and Social Science Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (22YJAZH138)
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Article History
Received: 22 November 2024
Accepted: 28 November 2025
First Online: 17 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study is a cross-sectional study based on the National Natural Science Foundation of China. All participants were provided with a statement that explained the purpose of the survey. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants in this study. The study protocol adhered to the guidelines of the 2013 version of the Helsinki Declaration. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Weifang Medical University (2021YX-066).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
