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Authors
Krishnan, Sunanthiny
Gogoi, Mayuri
Tarrant, Carolyn
Conroy, Simon
Clayton, Louise
Squire, Iain B.
Sze, Shirley
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
British Heart Foundation (HFHF_025)
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Health Research Authority and Health Care Research Wales (REC Ref: 22/EM/0172). Information about the study was given to potential participants both orally and in writing at recruitment. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the survey and interview.
: Not applicable.
: CT - Funded by the NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Research Collaboration (GM PSRC); SS – Supported by the NIHR Leicester CRF and NIHR academic clinical lectureship. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the NIHR or the Department of Health and Social Care.
