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Article History

Received: 10 September 2025

Accepted: 30 December 2025

First Online: 9 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted according to the guidelines laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures involving research study participants were approved by the biomedical ethics committee of Peking University (IRB approval number: IRB00001052-11015). All participants or their guardians provided written informed consent for participation in both the baseline and follow-up surveys. Consent was obtained prior to the administration of the study questionnaire.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.