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Authors
Inuyama, Ayano
Ouchi, Motoshi
Hirano, Shigeki
Suwa, Sayuri
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fumiko Yamaji Fund for Professional Nursing Education and Research
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (18H03106)
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Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: The researchers conducted this study in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All participants received an explanation of the research objectives, methods, and ethical considerations using plain language and easy-to-understand documents. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. This study was approved by the Chiba University Graduate School of Nursing Ethics Review Committee (approval no.: 30–84).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
