Document is current

Article History

Received: 2 May 2025

Accepted: 21 January 2026

First Online: 30 January 2026

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee of the Medical School (Clinical Trial Number: 20231008). Data collection was conducted in accordance with the principles of anonymity and informed consent from the participants. Throughout the study, the ethical guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki were strictly adhered to.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare the following competing interest: An unauthorized version of the Chinese MMSE was used by the study team without permission; however, this issue has now been rectified with PAR. The MMSE is a copyrighted instrument and may not be used or reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form, language, or by any means without the written permission of PAR ( ). A copy of this article will be sent to PAR to confirm compliance with their requirements. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Having obtained permission from all the authors, I declare that: An unauthorized version of the Chinese MMSE was used by the study team without permission; however, this issue has now been resolved with PAR. The MMSE is a copyrighted instrument and may not be used or reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form or language, or by any means, without the written permission of PAR.