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Article History

Received: 7 October 2025

Accepted: 22 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Asan Medical Center (approval number: 2024 − 1115). The requirement for informed consent was waived because of the use of de-identified and retrospective data. As this was a retrospective study using anonymized data, patients were not involved in research questions, outcome measures, study design, or implementation. There was no public involvement in this study.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.