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Authors
Chen, Mingzhuang
Zha, Jingru
Mei, Cuizhu
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Article History
Received: 13 December 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: This is a retrospective study based on CHARLS database. The patient’s information has been hidden before the study. There is no need for the patient’s informed consent and no ethical conflict. The original CHARLS was approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015), and all participants signed the informed consent at the time of participation. This research followed the guidance of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
