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Authors
Spruit, J.R.
Zwart, LAR
Jansen, RWMM
Muller, M
Groot, JR de
Hemels, MEW
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bayer Nederland, Boehringer Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo and Roche Diagnostics.
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Article History
Received: 30 September 2025
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: The study complies with the declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the medical Ethical Committee Oost Nederland (reference number 2019–5889), Prof. dr. P.N.R. Dekhuijzen, Chairman, Research Ethics Committee: On behalf of the research ethics committee of the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre I hereby let you know that the abovementioned study doesn’t fall within the remit of the Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act (WMO). Therefore, the study can be carried out (in the Netherlands) without an approval by an accredited research ethics committee.
: Not applicable.
: JdG is Supported by the Dutch Heart Foundation and Dutch CardioVascular Alliance, 01-002-2022-0118 EmbRACE; ZonMW/ERA4Health. Received research grants through institutions from Atricure, Bayer, Boston Scientific, Daiichi Sankyo, Johnson&Johnson, Medtronic and Philips. Received speaker fees from Atricure, Bayer, Berlin Chemie, Daiichi Sankyo, Johnson&Johnson, Menarini, Medtronic, Novartis and Servier. MH received speakers fees from Roche Diagnostics, Bayer, BMS/Pfizer, Boehringer Ingelheim and Daiichi Sankyo.JS, LZ, MM, and RJ declare that they have no competing interests. All patients gave written informed consent to participate.
