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Authors
Kazawa, Kana
Moriyama, Michiko
Sato, Kanae
Ishii, Shinya
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Article History
Received: 21 May 2024
Accepted: 12 February 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted on an opt-out basis as part of a project by Kure City, the long-term care insurer. Hiroshima University made the opt-out information publicly available on its website, and Kure City provided data to Hiroshima University following their personal information protection ordinance. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Hiroshima University (approval no. E2022-0076). Informed consent was waived by from the Ethics Committee of Hiroshima University (approval no. E2022-0076). All the methods included in this study are in accordance with the declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
