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Authors
Song, Xiaowei
Park, Grace
Clarke, Barry
Searle, Samuel D
Robinson, Belinda
Low, Hilary
Penwarden, Jodie
Harding, Kaitlin
Fay, Sherri
Lin, Margaret CM
Andrew, Melissa K
Li, Anson
Lewis, Valerie
Fluit, Paul
Theou, Olga
Rockwood, Kenneth
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Surrey Hospitals Foundation (FHA-G2017-001)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR PJT-156210)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR PJT-156210)
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was ethically approved by Human Research Ethics Boards of the regional health authorities, and all procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Name of the Approval Committee: Fraser Health Authority Research Ethics Committee and Nova Scotia Health Research Ethics Committee (Protocol number: FHA-REB #2018-080; H20-02043; NSH-REB #1026345). Informed consent was received from each participant prior to any clinical assessment or data collection. All patient participants and physician assessors, except for Fraser Health employees using usual work hours, received a research honorarium for each assessment in which they participated.
: All named authors provided the consent for submission of this paper for publication.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
