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Authors
Li, Na
Zhang, Yongqing
Gao, Yili
Qin, Jiawen
Liao, Yang
Rong, Xiaoshan
Yu, Haiping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health Science and Technology of Pudong Health Bureau of Shanghai (PW2022A-03)
Leading Talents in the Three Year Action Plan for Discipline Construction of the School of Nursing (Preparatory) at Tongji University School of Medicine (JS2210204)
Academic Leaders Training Program of Pudong Health Bureau of Shanghai (PWRd2022-16)
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Article History
Received: 19 June 2024
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University (Approval No.: [2024] Ethical Review No. [127]). All participants voluntarily participated after providing full informed consent and signed a written informed consent form. During the study, participants were clearly informed that their data would be de-identified using unique identifiers, stored on an encrypted server with strict confidentiality measures, and that they had the right to withdraw from the study unconditionally at any stage without any impact on their rights and interests. Additionally, participants were notified that all data would be used solely for the purpose of this study, ensuring full respect for and protection of their privacy and autonomy.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
