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Authors
Zhao, Yuting
Zhang, Jingkun
Yang, Kexin
Liu, Mengyu
Wang, Liduan
Yang, Chen
Zhou, Zhipeng
Zheng, Liangliang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation
General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education in 2025 (25YJC890049)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 26 February 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
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: The current research was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shandong Sport University with the committee’s reference number 2024044. Before the investigation, informed consent was signed and obtained by each participant.
: An unauthorized version of the Chinese MMSE was used by the study team without permission, however this has now been rectified with PAR. The MMSE is a copyrighted instrument and may not be used or reproduced in whole or in part, in any form or language, or by any means without written permission of PAR ( ).
: The authors declare no competing interests.
